Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
Hydraulic fracturing fluids are comprised of a combination of water, sand and chemicals that are injected at high pressure into a well to initiate and to expand fractures in the shale rock.
The graphic below from FracFocus.org shows typical additives used in fracking fluids:
FracFocus
A good website to learn about hydraulic fracturing fluids is www.FracFocus.org, which is a joint effort between the Groundwater Protection Council and the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission. That website has been established to list, by well, each chemical used in hydraulic fracturing in wells drilled on or after January 1st, 2011.
"The make�]up of fracturing fluid varies from one geologic basin or formation to another.
"Evaluating the relative volumes of the components of a fracturing fluid reveals the relatively small volume of additives that are present. The additives depicted on the right side of the pie chart represent less than 0.8% of the total fluid volume. Overall the concentration of additives in most slickwater fracturing fluids is a relatively consistent 0.5% to 2% with water making up 98% to 99.2%.
"Because the make�]up of each fracturing fluid varies to meet the specific needs of each area, there is no one�]size�]fits�]all formula for the volumes for each additive." FracFocus.org
All information in the FracFocus.org database is collected from oil and gas operations around the country on a voluntary basis. (Source: Colorado Oil and Gas Association)
Read more:
- Another list of chemicals typically used in fracturing fluid: EnergyInDepth.org (specific types and composition used varies by state and geology of the rock formation)
- Hydraulic Fracturing Disclosure and Education
- Energy from Shale Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
- FracFocus